
Buy GeneTree DNA Native American/Y-Chromosome Test
By looking at Y-chromosome markers from all of the terminal males with the same paternal descent (all the males with the Carmichael Surname) we would suspect that they should all share the same Y-chromosome markers (with allowances made for calculated mutation rates, which should be small given less than 8 or 9 generations). This Native American/Y-Chromosome test could also be used to distinguish non-paternity in the line, a question that one might not want answered. Although this method is quite a useful tool for genealogists, it is not without its limitations. For example, examining the Y-chromosome haplotypes doesn't give a lot of information about degree of relatedness, just a type of inclusion or exclusion from the family. The figure on the right, Y-chromosome Inheritance Pattern, shows how the Y-chromosome (red squares) is passed from father to son, exclusively (males are represented by squares and females are represented by circles).| Mutation Frequency | Match Value | Median Generations | 95% Confidence Interval |
| 0.0040 | 24/24 | 3.6 | 0.1 - 19.2 |
| 0.0040 | 24/23 | 8.9 | 1.3 - 29.7 |
| 0.0040 | 24/22 | 14.5 | 3.4 - 39.3 |
Buy GeneTree DNA Native American/Y-Chromosome Test
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