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| The Different Methods Used to Measure Relationships | |
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Autosomal STR: STRs are short tandem repeats found in the genetic material (or DNA) that makes up the human genome. Several different STRs, regions that are highly variable in length from individual to individual, have been located and examined. The size of the STR is what scientists look at to help answer questions regarding relatedness. The different sizes of DNA found at these STR regions correspond to, what geneticist call, alleles. These alleles are passed on from parents to offspring. By examining random individuals within a particular population, each allele is found to have a frequency associated with it within that group. It is these frequencies that researchers use to calculate the probabilities of relatedness. GeneTree uses STRs to measure probabilities of paternity, and most other DNA relationship test, including the Y-chromosome Haplotyping.  Y-chromosome Haplotype: Y-chromosome haplotypes are used for testing descendants with a common paternal link in their genealogical lineage. For example, if a group of males have strictly a male descent line (may have the same last name, such as Carmichael), and they are thought to all be related to a common male ancestor, examining the Y-chromosomes of the individuals in common makes it fairly easy to support or disprove this hypothesis. |
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